The Federal Republic of Germany - Finance Agency is a company under private law in which the Federal Republic of Germany (represented by the Federal Ministry of Finance) has a direct and sole shareholding. The Federal Ministry of Finance exercises legal and technical supervision over the Finance Agency. 

Within the framework of the parliamentary control task pursuant to section 10a of the Stabilisation Fund Act (StFG), the Federal Finance Board is informed by the Federal Ministry of Finance on all matters concerning the special fund "Financial Market Stabilisation Fund" (FMS). Pursuant to section 4 StFG, an interministerial committee (steering committee) decides on the essential matters concerning the FMS on the proposal of the Finance Agency if measures for resolution institutions under Federal law (pursuant to section 8a StFG) are concerned).

The Financial Agency performs tasks for the Federal Government on a statutory basis. Since 1 January 2018, it has managed the FMS, which was established by the Federal Government in 2008 to deal with the financial market crisis, and oversees the investments held by the FMS. Since the dissolution of the Federal Agency for Financial Market Stabilisation (FMSA) on 1 January 2026, the Federal Ministry of Finance exercise legal supervision over the resolution institutions established under federal law. All other supervisory and coordination tasks relating to the winding-up agencies are carried out by the Financial Agency since 1 January 2026.